I am a young Photographer from Cape Cod/Boston, Ma. armed with a Fulbright Scholarship and a Canon 5D Mark II. For 10 months I will living in Arusha, Tanzania working with various research projects and NGO's to make a documentary on human/wildlife conflict.

4/29/10

Sketchbook pages

So, since i'm not exactly doing the work I thought I'd be doing right now, I don't really have much to post!! Here's some random pages from my sketchbook so far, fortunately I've had plenty of time to doodle!

Inside cover of my sketchbook...too bad I'm not working with the KERCP anymore...
Doodle for my first chameleon experience..
Coffee+sketchbook outside at Naaz Cafe

my giraffe vertebrae, Jaala's favorite chew bone.. ♥
View from my porch when I lived in Sakina.. looking into other people's yards..
My favorite plant in an old paint can

4/17/10

Shanga

Just outside Arusha, surrounded by coffee fields and Tanapa conservation land, there is an amazing project called Shanga. Driving into Shanga, you pass vast coffee fields on your left and a mountain of recycled bottles on your right. Past the gate, strands of green, blue and brown beads hang from the trees, mixed with oversized Philodendrons and bright patched of moss. Enormous Yellow Acacia and Benjamina Ficus trees create a canopy over the Shanga workshops. Past the gift shop, the path opens up to a beautiful, rolling lawn dotted with wooden couches covered in overstuffed pillows and low tables. An open-air restaurant sits under a thatched roof on dark, wooden platforms, complete with beaded place mats and pink rose arrangements on every table. The place is so beautiful, so quiet and carries such a positive feeling, the best word I can think to describe it is zen-like. It seems like a whole world away, yet its only 20 minutes outside the stress and exhaust of Arusha.


"Shanga", the KiSwahili word for bead, is a fantastic project working to employ and train local people with disabilities so they have a steady income and opportunity to make a decent living. Artists at Shanga are trained in jewelry and bead crafts, glass melting, sewing, metal wire sculpture, handmade paper, and many other crafts. All the glass at Shanga is made from donated recycled bottles and all the paper crafts are from recycled materials as well. 100% of all proceeds from the gift shop and restaurant go back to Shanga, to employ more and more people in need. Shanga also works in conjunction with 2 other projects to benefit people with disabilities in Moshi and Dar Es Salaam.

A project like this is SO important in Tanzania, where disabled people have next to no civil rights, no accessibility and most people have extremely negative preconceptions of disabilities. It is not an uncommon attitude that disabilities are a result of witchcraft or lack of faith. Literally nothing in Arusha is accessible to anyone in a wheelchair, even the sidewalks are impassable. Seeing elderly people in wheelchairs begging on the street absolutely kills me every time and I wonder when Tanzania will wake up and get people the support they deserve. I look at my sister at home, 17 and thriving with cerebral palsy, cruisin' around in her power chair, going to a fully accessible school, getting physical therapy almost every day and I wonder why can't these people have this??? Accessibility is a RIGHT, not a privilege and it is so discouraging that a place like Arusha, with an enormous tourism economy, cannot seem to find the funding for disability.

I was so taken with Shanga, as I assume most people are, that I am planning on doing a documentary on Accessibility in Tanzania. I would love to interview the artists at Shanga and each of their partner organizations in Moshi & Dar. It will certainly be a challenge to interview individuals that are deaf or mute, especially in KiSwahili, but there are ways to communicate with everyone, and I think it would make an amazingly powerful story that needs to be told.

4/10/10

The sky here is always amazing...this is the view from the 1st floor of my apartment building looking across the street.

Jaala!!


Potential Projects!

So, since I've decided to change my Fulbright focus a little, I have a few awesome project/documentary ideas in mind.... Since I am already affiliated with the AWF, I would like to try and work with some of their on going research projects. The AWF conducts research in certain areas that they call the 'African Heartlands'. There are 9 different Heartland regions bordering 16 different countries.

Here's a link about all the different Heartlands Projects and where they work. (the AWF website is awesome, there's SO much info on it!)
http://www.awf.org/section/heartlands

The region I would like to work in is the Maasai Steppe Heartland. There are several long-running projects happening there, from a Lion Research Project, Ivory Project, Maasai Womens' Empowerment Program, and many more. I figure with the broad range of research topics, I could make mini documentaries on all of them!!

Here's a link on just the Maasai Steppe Heartlands Projects
http://www.awf.org/content/heartland/detail/1282

There's also another amazing NGO here, called Savannas Forever, they have a research project here called The Whole Village Project. They work in many different villages that are within 5 kilometers from a park boundry. It's a very broad project, here's an article from Minnesota Public Radio that explains it very well!
http://minnesota.publicradio.org/projects/2008/05/lions/a3.shtml

So I have met with the co-director, Susan James a few times about what I could do if I worked with The Whole Village Project. I think it would make a very interesting photo essay/documentary to interview and photograph each one of her researchers, who are all Tanzanian graduate students. Most of them came from the village or from very impoverished communities, so to hear their stories of how they got to where they are now I think, would make a very powerful documentary. Susan also wants me to go to each village to document the different issues each community is facing and to share that information with the other villages. So often, NGO's here are managed by Americans or Europeans, with western perspectives of how communities should address their issues and with western ideas of '"development". I think an organization like The Whole Village is important to highlight as a way of empowering local people who are working directly with villagers to solve their own dilemmas. I am very excited that I now have 2 big projects that are interested in having me!!!!!

When you apply for the Photo/Filming permit, you have to list all of the districts you plan to work in. Between the AWF and The Whole Village project, I will have a long list of regions that I will be allowed to photograph in. SO, if I find more amazing research projects happening in any of those areas, I could potentially join up with them to really make the most of my Fulbright!!

4/6/10

April Inspiration...

Just when I thought I was at my wit's end and pondering my whole life/project/mission/goals here in Tanzania, wondering what am I really doing here? What am I really going to be able to do with my Fulbright and a (really nice) camera?? What can a Photographer do to help or change anything??!? I find this little article in an old issue of Africa Geographic, the AWF magazine.

"Wildlife conservation legend George Schaller wrote; 'Pen and camera are weapons against oblivion, they can raise awareness for that which may be lost forever.' Photography can be a powerful force for the environment, especially when paired with the collaboration of committed scientists, politicians and policymakers. Conservation photography is instrumental in replacing environmental indifference with a culture of stewardship and passion for our wildlife and wild places, and has never been more important than it is today.

A Harvard University study shows that we just have one-third of a second to catch someone's attention. To do that, you need images that are striking, original, bold and memorable. Without these, a modern audience is unlikely to read or absorb even the most exquisitely crafted text, map or graph.

In Africa, photography has been instrumental in many conservation milestones, from the protection of vast tracts of Congolese rainforests to the creation of 13 National Parks in Gabon..... Senegalese photographer Baba Dioum said: 'For, in the end, we will only conserve what we love, we will only love what we understand, we will only understand what we are taught'. Inspirational wildlife photography teaches such an understanding and fosters a love for our natural world.

The mission of a conservation photographer is to create images that make a difference; images that move people to change behavior that it damaging to the environment and inspire them to use their skills, enthusiasm and financial resources to aid conservation...."

~original article; 'Aldabra Cadabra', by Thomas P. Peschak/Save our Seas Foundation. Africa Geographic, winter 2009

3/30/10

Ups & Downs of March

Well, it’s been awhile!…

This month has truly been an interesting learning experience. Just as I thought things were starting to move along, road blocks popped up everywhere and I am suddenly back to square one…

In the beginning, I felt pretty cool cruising around Arusha in my little Suzuki Escudo… I have the freedom, control over my pace of the day (somewhat) and security of having my own car. Well, buying a car in Africa has proven to be way more complicated than I imagined. Trying to find a seller that will be 100% honest with you is nearly impossible, as soon as anyone sees a “mzungu” (“affectionate” slang for white person...hmm) the price doubles! Plus you have to find a way to avoid the (8) middlemen who are all trying to make a profit off a young mzungu woman. Fortunately, I have a good friend here who I can trust completely and he helped me get the car without paying a ridiculous amount for it and acted as my translator so there was no confusion. Having the car is awesome, but I am glad that transaction is almost over…

My TAWIRI permit has been denied. I applied and PAID for this permit back in early December, so it is quite ridiculous that it has taken them this long to figure out that I am not exactly eligible for a Tawiri permit. COSTECH told me that I had to have the Tawiri in the first place, which was dead wrong. Tawiri (the Tanzanian Wildlife Research Institute) gives out permits to NGO’s and scientists that are doing formal research projects. I am here to do a project in photography on a pre-existing research project, not to start my own new one! I was confused as to why I had to have this very expensive permit, but I did as I was told. Costech (the Commission for Science & Technology) should have read my research proposal when I sent it to them IN JULY and realized that I was doing Photography then. NOW I have to apply for the Photo/Film Permit from the Ministry of Information. (who knew?!) Okay, should be easy enough, I just have to write a 1 page summary of what/who I will be documenting, etc.EXCEPT….

It looks like my original project will be changing a bit. Okay, maybe a lot. Turns out, the guy I came to work with is WAY too busy to support a foreign student living here. Making a documentary is completely new to me and I am in a totally foreign world. I was living in his house and I saw him maybe once a week, tops. How am I supposed to make a successful, in depth amazing documentary about a project who’s primary researcher is basically unavailable? Besides, he has real film crews out there making documentaries about his project already. Why should I waste my effort creating an amateur documentary for a project that already has plenty of support? I feel like my creative services can be used to benefit smaller, developing projects that could really use the help from a photographer. We’ve had our differences too, so I am happy to be changing my focus to a project that will appreciate my efforts! Everything is a learning experience, especially when it is confusing, frustrating and challenging, which this month has surely been.

But it hasn’t been all bad!

Before, I was feeling pretty down and disappointed about the whole change, but I am staying positive and taking it as an opportunity to broaden my Fulbright Documentary Project. Since I am affiliated with the entire African Wildlife Foundation, I have been personally invited by the director to work with any AWF project that I like!!!! So now, instead of worrying about not having enough information or material to make a photo/video documentary, I will have PLENTY of material since the AWF has projects going on everywhere!!! So I will no longer be shooting just elephants, I can shoot everything! I will be able to see more of Tanzania and spend more time with different people working on a whole range of environmental, ecological issues. I like to think everything happens for a reason, so I’m optimistic!

In other news….

In the beginning of the month, I took a trip out to Manyara with some students to visit our friend Lelahey’s village. We slept in his family’s boma in the most beautifully made dung huts I have ever seen. We went hiking in the bush, hung out with the kids in the village, which are ALL Lelahey’s siblings and ate a ridiculous amount of rice, potatoes and goat! It was amazing to stay in a Maasai village, Lelahey said that we were the first wazungus to ever come and visit his community. I learned that throwing a spear is a lot harder than it looks, Maasai can walk seriously long distances with no problem at all and spf 15 does absolutely nothing to protect you from the African sun!



The following weekend, I found Jaala. I was driving my friend, Gertrude, to her friend’s home in Namanga and Jackie and Anna came along for the ride. It was just supposed to be a quick errand, but that all changed when we found this tiny little white puppy stumbling down the road! 3 Americans and 1 Tanzanian girl get out of a car to coddle an adorable, helpless, unwanted puppy…what are the odds that puppy is going to be left on the side of the road?! Slim to none!!! Before I could think about what was reasonable or practical, I paid tsh 7,000 (almost $5) for her and we took her with us. Well, Gertrude’s brother happened to be a vet, and HAPPENED to be in town that day! We went to see him, he got Jaala all registered, vaccinated and treated for ticks, worms and parasites and didn’t charge us anything! It was probably not the best idea, raising a puppy is definitely time consuming, but I am definitely happy I have her to keep me company in my single apartment.



And I moved into my own apartment! Living for free is great, but it’s not always the best deal if you are not comfortable. My friend helped me find a place through family friends that is safe, comfortable and ALL MINE! It’s a little 2 bedroom apartment on the 3rd floor of an awesome old brick building. Rent includes all utilities and the generator, which is a big plus since the power goes out very often in Arusha. After one of the other tenants moves out in a month, I’ll be moving down to the 2nd floor so I can have a huge balcony! (I already bought plants!) The whole compound, which includes the 6 unit building that I’m in, a small 3 bedroom house for rent and the large house in the back where the landlord and his family live, is all gated and guarded 24/7, Dad. There’s fruit trees all over the property, little flower lined paths leading to the parking spots and plenty of grassy spaces for Jaala to run around!

So now things are looking better. I got the car, my own place, a small animal friend and honest, genuine support from the right people. With the help of the director of the AWF, I will come up with a new project proposal, get my Photo/Video permit and start working on documenting the AWF Heartlands projects! I’m sure I will be busy snapping pictures very soon!

3/8/10

1st trip to West Kilimanjaro

The last weekend of February, I took my first trip out to West Kilimanjaro to see the KERCP Research Camp, where I will be living when I finally get all my ducks in a row. Of course, the camp, region, and actual logistics of the KERCP were waaayy different than I had imagined, but since you cannot google image search anything about the KERCP or the West Kili region, my imagination was all I had to go on. I went with Bariki, Kikoti's cook for the camp, (but cooking seems like the last thing he does, he's more like an over all assistant!) and Nurdin, a driver from the AWF. The trip took 3 hours...even though Nurdin was going 120km most of the time down dirt roads through small villages. I'm sure the trip will take me much longer when I'm driving! Traveling the road out there, you feel like you're driving through different worlds. We started on tar roads lined with people carrying 7gal. buckets of water, bundles of firewood, huge stalks of green bananas, bags of coal or maize balanced effortlessly on top of their heads. The roads are jammed with cars, daladalas and trucks exhausting huge black clouds of diesel fumes, passing each other so closely, you swear they are driving straight into oncoming traffic. A few kilometers out of Arusha the road clears up a bit and we are flying at 120km. You would have to pay me to walk along roads where trucks are whizzing by that fast. The concentration of buildings and people starts to dwindle and soon we are flying by farms and massive rows of greenhouses. Open spaces start to dominate the landscape, dotted with herds of cattle and goats, followed by children wielding large sticks. Dust devils are swirling over the fields, carrying the red dust and bits of grass. Soon the only signs of civilization are cattle and the empty looking shells of concrete cubes covered in corrugated tin. You would think that no one lives here, but they do. Houses are built so far from any village, shop, or water source that most people walk several miles without even thinking twice about it. Before long, the concentration of homes and people starts to increase again as we approach the turn to Sanya Ju. The turn for the road is about halfway between Arusha and Moshi and goes all the way around Mt. Kilimanjaro to the western side, where the camp is. Bariki made sure to point out the sign and told me to remember it. I thought, 'how could I miss it, it's the only turn for 30 miles, marked with a huge sign!?'. We turn down the road to Sanya Ju and the road becomes narrow and winding, again we whizz by small concrete cubes and cattle, women walking, wrapped in kangas, carrying heavy things on their heads. The environment changes rapidly, from flat grassy plains and farms to bush to desert to forest and back to open plains. This is why Tanzania is so amazing to me. The ecosystems vary so much, in one area you can have tropical-like forest, dry, dusty bush, and dense shady forest filled with long grasses.

Soon the tar road ends and we are speeding down the dusty road, kicking up a huge cloud in our wake. After driving for so long, you would think that you are past the point of civilization, there is no way anyone could live out here...then you come into another village. The next one is called Engare Nairobi, which means "black river" in KiMaasai. (literally "river black") This village is hours from the main road and every structure is made of wood. Timber is a big industry for that area, since tree cutting is allowed in the forests on the hills of Kilimanjaro. Ngare Nairobi looks like a town out of the old west..and I am clearly a rare sight. We stop to stretch and to grab a snack. I am told to wait at the car and when I get out to stretch, I understand why. When all 5'11" of me, with my blond hair and still extremely pale limbs, 2 women chopping wood stop to stare..a few kids appear out of nowhere, whispering to each other and burst into giggles when I wave. This is a common road for people going to climb the mountain, but I have a feeling most people just pass through. I am too cowardly to take any photos in plain sight, so I snap one from the back seat of the Land Cruiser while no one is watching.

Nurdin comes back to the truck with a greasy wrapped bundle of newspaper. He unwraps it and says "Liaanaa, karibuu!" Probably close to a pound of grilled chunks of beef are piled on Swahili newspapers, fat and all. I take a leaner looking piece, despite my recent attempts at vegetarianism and start chewing away. One piece on Nyamachoma probably lasts about 10 minutes..

As we drive further and further into the bush, the roads get rougher and the dusty dirt turns into rich, dark reddish brown soil. By the time we reach the camp, every inch of me, the car and everything in it is covered in a fine layer of dirt. If you try to wipe the sweat off your forehead, you just end up mixing it with the dust and smudging streaks of brown mud-sweat across your face.

Coming down the road to the KERCP, you would never assume there was an established research camp there. We pull in and stop in front of the pantry/storage building and at first glance it seems like there are only 2 or 3 small structures here. Small rock lined gravel paths go off in different directions and reveal more small buildings that are hiding in the dense bush. All the structures are a little spread out so there is privacy around all the tents. All in all, there is a large gazebo type concrete platform with a thatched roof for meetings and functions, a pantry house with a full refrigerator and coffin freezer, a kitchen with shelves full of pots, pans and dishes, complete with 2 fire pits for cooking, a row of 3 bathrooms with flush toilets and a large basin sink with a huge mirror, and an office building with 3 or 4 computers, a small library and internet access! Tents are scattered in between the concrete or wooden buildings, some under thatched roofs to protect them from the sun and rain. We unload our gear and check out the site where my tent will be set up. I get to pitch my tent under one of the thatched roofs since I will be there for 9 more months. My little home is out of the way under a huge tree that shades my whole campsite. I am near the office, Kikoti's tent and a washroom, but I have my own shower surrounded by thatched walls! We get to work right away to unpack my tent and set it up. We unroll all 10'x14' of the heavy canvas and I sort out all the poles. Soon after reading and re-reading the instructions I realize I am missing at least 4 poles, the stakes AND the rain fly!!! I start to get frustrated and angry that tent company sent me an incomplete kit and I start to get worried about having more pieces sent to Africa and the scathing email I am going to write to them!!! After complaining and cursing the tent company for my incomplete tent kit....something triggers my memory... I LEFT THE EXTRA POLES IN MY OTHER SUITCASE IN ARUSHA. When I was packing my 3 bags at home, I had to make sure the tent was under 70lbs and my other suitcases had to be under 50lbs. The tent weighed 74lbs in it's original package, so I had to unpack some poles and squeeze them in my other suitcase. Immediately, I am struck with my own stupidity and absent mind... We drove 3 hours out here so I could see the camp and set up my tent and I forgot the poles at home. I am a Rasmussen, 100%. No one else seems to mind as much as I do, these things happen and like they say, there's no hurry in Africa!

The rest of the weekend, we drove around the region, visiting the other KERCP camps and introducing myself to the Maasai Game scouts. (I say we because Bariki did all the talking and explaining for me, why this American girl is out here taking pictures of everything like a tourist! I can't even use what little Kiswhahili I know, cause all the guys speak Maa!) It rained on and off and we got stuck several times in the slippery mud, even in the Land Cruiser! It was fun sliding around, doing 360's in a huge truck on dirt roads and sliding into ditches and getting pushed out. When we got stuck, people just seem to appear out of nowhere to watch or help. Fortunately the roads dry up quickly in the hot sun and it's not long before we can get going again.

Hopefully by then end of this month, I will have all my permits and things straightened out so I can move out to the camp for good and start my project!! I have a lot of supplies to buy including a bed, desk, trunk for my clothes, wash buckets, etc. At least now I have a car so I can shop around and get everything I need!

3/1/10

Sijui kuosha nguo zangu! ..i don't know how to wash my clothes!

I packed about 2 weeks worth of clothes…so this week it was about time to do some laundry. I got up early one morning, gathered up all my skirts and tank tops and headed to the back yard to wash my clothes in the big buckets I saw Agnes, the housekeeper wash other laundry in. I don’t remember the last time I washed my clothes by hand, probably some Girl Scout camping trip 15 years ago, but I figure, how hard can it be? I get a few big buckets out of the storage closet, fill them up from the spigot coming from the huge water tank and throw my clothes in. There’s an old paint can filled with white powder detergent, I grab a couple small chunks and throw them in the cold water with my clothes. I’m sitting on a rock, mashing away at my clothes when Agnes and Lazarro, one of the Maasai guards at the house, come around the corner into the yard. When they see me sitting in front of my bucket of clothes, they nearly collapse they are laughing SO HARD!! Apparently I am doing it very wrong!? I heard a few years ago, there was another American student staying at Kikoti’s that tried washing her clothes, using a huge wooden spoon to stir them around with, “like she was making a stew!” I think I cannot be nearly that bad; it’s pretty common sense, washing clothes…right? I have no idea what I could possibly be doing wrong, I say ‘Nini? Nini? What am I doing? Sijui! I don’t know! Hapana? No?’ as I hold up my soaked, balled up tshirts. Agnes comes over to me, shaking her head waving her hands at me saying “Adja, stop.” She takes my buckets and rearranges my whole laundry setup. She goes inside and boils water. She mixes the hot water into a new bucket and mixes handfuls of the detergent into it. Okay, I know your supposed to wash things in hot water, I was just using what was easily available! And I guess I’m used to the super concentrated detergent at home, where you use a few tablespoons for a whole load! After she dumps all my clothes into the new bucket, she quickly an efficiently picks up each piece and methodically folds the seams of the collars, sleeves and bottom hems in her hands and scrubs them rapidly in her hands. After a few minutes of watching and learning, I try to step in “Na taka ku saidia, I want to help!” Lazarro and Agnes both say “Adja!” in unison. I don’t know what to do…I sit there, awkwardly watching someone else wash my clothes by hand in a bucket. Agnes usually does the wash for Kikoti and any guest that stays there, but I cannot get over the uncomfortable indications of class that come with having housekeepers, especially in Africa! I figure I can jump in when she starts rinsing and hanging them on the line…nope. Again, “Adja!!” I am forced to leave my laundry to Agnes. Maybe it would just be easier for her to do it for me than try to teach me how she washes the laundry? Maybe she is proud of her responsibilities as an employed woman (still sort of an anomaly here) and I would be insulting her if I tried to take away her usual tasks? Like I don’t think she can do it, or worse, that I don’t want her to touch my things?! I have no idea how to respond, but I do not like the idea of expecting her to wash my clothes for me. Next time, I’ll try to imitate her effective methods…and maybe try to do my laundry while she’s not here to judge me and take it away!!

2/18/10

more photos!

My view of Mt. Meru from my balchony

Outdoor seating at my favorite cafe in Arusha (so far!)

Kinyonga!
Pretty Yellow Weaver, there are TONS of them outside my room!

2/16/10

House tour!! My room in Arusha

Ohmygosh, I can't believe this worked! It just took me an hour & a half to upload this video!!! This is my room at Kikoti's house in Arusha and my first practice video. It's not perfect, but its a start. I only have iMovie to edit with, so I can only do so much! enjoy!

A Daladala is never full..

On Saturday, Gertrude, Happy & I meet in town to go shopping. Happy says she knows of one place that’s very cheap, but it’s a little ways out of town, so we’ll have to take the bus. We walk, stroll really, at an amazingly slow pace, I walk as slow as I possibly can, but having such long legs, I have to keep stopping so that I can walk with my friends. We stroll in the direction of the bus stop, an extremely busy parking lot jammed with daladalas, taxis and full size coach buses headed on their usual route, wherever you would like to go, or to Nairobi or Dar es Salaam. Daladalas are everywhere, running people all over town, they are color coded, but I haven’t figured out what any color actually indicates. As we approach the bus stop, straggler vehicles that didn’t make it into the congested lot are waiting for passengers to pick up. Men stand outside the open slider door, yelling, calling out the route name and stops, hustling people into their vehicles. These “conductors” are not passive. We try to walk by a daladala with a green band painted down it and 2 men step in our path, arms extended as if they are herding the 3 of us into their van, calling out the stops and I don’t know what else in Swahili. Happy pushes one aside and shoves through, Gertrude and I follow as we make our way to a van with a yellow band and step inside. Daladalas are no bigger than a VW bus, but they are gutted to the metal and outfitted with tightly packed vinyl seats. The 3 of us squeeze in the 2nd to last row. After picking up a few more passengers, the conductor slams on the roof a few times to signal the driver and the bus tears out of its spot. Arusha is crowded and the daladala zooms through town around people walking, men pushing or pulling large wooden carts full of produce, shoes or other goods for sale, taxis and cars that just aren’t moving fast enough. There aren’t really any driving rules in Tanzania, or at least that I can tell. You can pass people at any time, on either side and motorcycles just fly down the middle of the road, dodging cars and Land Rovers on both sides. The daladala stops almost every 5 minutes to swap passengers, every time swerving suddenly off the side of the road when the conductor spots someone looking like they want a ride. I can’t tell if they pull off for people that look like they might have money, white tourists or if they are just hollering at girls along the way. Every time we approach a “bus stop”, the conductor, who is already hanging halfway out the window, swings the slider door open before we even come close to stopping and stands on the step, hanging out the side of the vehicle, holding onto the inside of the roof with his fingertips. He bangs on the roof repeatedly and yells more things I don’t understand, people get on and off; he collects their shillings. If a guy is getting on, sometimes the bus doesn’t stop at all, the door opens, the driver slows down and the guy runs and jumps onto the daladala like he’s jumping a train. When I think I cannot possibly squish over anymore, we pull over and pick up 3 more people. I am crammed in next to Gertrude and poor Happy is pressed up against the window. My knees are digging into the metal seat frame in front of me so hard, I know I will have bruises. People stand along side what you may call an isle, bent over the people seated in front of them, their cheeks practically resting on the seated passenger’s head. I count 22 people. Personal space is truly an American standard. We race along the road to the market, packed like sardines. Actually, among the black plastic bags and wrapped bundles, someone is definitely carrying fish and the daladala is filled with the smell of seafood that was probably sitting in the hot sun. I take note of the irony. Between the pungent smell of dried fish and the diesel exhaust that is coming out of the truck we are seriously tailgating, I try to hold my breath. It’s around 85 degrees and I can feel the sweat and coco butter starting to get slimy under my knees. I am wearing a tank top and billowy skirt. The man behind me is wearing long pants and a pullover fleece. The girl in the front is wearing a long sleeved, ribbed sweater. My Massachusetts winter blood cannot thin out fast enough, I’m sweating profusely. The large woman in the polyester business suit practically on my lap isn’t helping. After about half an hour we arrive at the market and the daladala bursts with passengers. I cannot get out fast enough. I dig into the pocket in my purse to pay the conductor. The entire trip is 1000 Tsh, the equivalent to 75 cents.